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1.
Jyri Seppla Matti Melanen Ilmo Menp Sirkka Koskela Jyrki Tenhunen Marja‐Riitta Hiltunen 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2005,9(4):117-130
The concept of eco-efficiency is commonly referred to as a business link to sustainable development. In this article, ecoefficiency is examined at a regional level as an approach to promoting the competitiveness of economic activities in the Finnish Kymenlaakso region and mitigating their harmful impacts on the environment. The aim is to develop appropriate indicators for monitoring changes in the eco-efficiency of the region. A starting point is to produce indicators for the environmental and economic dimensions of regional development and use them for measuring regional eco-efficiency. The environmental impact indicators are based on a life-cycle assessment method, producing different types of environmental impact indicators: pressure indicators (e.g., emissions of CO2 ), impact category indicators (e.g., CO2 equivalents in the case of climate change), and a total impact indicator (aggregating different impact category indicator results into a single value). Environmental impact indicators based on direct material input, total material input, and total material requirement of the Kymenlaakso region are also assessed. The economic indicators used are the gross domestic product, the value added, and the output of the main economic sectors of Kymenlaakso. In the eco-efficiency assessment, the economic and environmental impact indicators are monitored in the same graph. In a few cases eco-efficiency ratios can also be calculated (the economic indicators are divided by the environmental indicators). Output (= value added + intermediate consumption) is used as an economic indicator related to the environmental impact indicators, which also cover the upstream processes of the region's activities. In the article, we also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of using the different environmental impact indicators. 相似文献
2.
Acetaldehyde was found to form adducts with rat serum lipoproteins. The binding of [14C]acetaldehyde to lipoproteins was studied at low concentrations which are known to exist during ethanol oxidation. The amount of lipoprotein adducts was a linear function of acetaldehyde concentration up to 250 microM. Incubation of rat plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with 200 microM acetaldehyde increased the disappearance rate of the 3H-label from the cholesterol ester moiety of LDL injected into normal rats. The data show that even low concentrations of acetaldehyde are capable of affecting LDL metabolism. These findings may provide an explanation for the low concentrations of serum LDL in alcoholics. 相似文献
3.
Marfan syndrome: exclusion of genetic linkage to five genes coding for connective tissue components in the long arm of chromosome 2 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Katariina Kainulainen Aslak Savolainen Aarno Palotie Ilkka Kaitila Joel Rosenbloom Leena Peltonen 《Human genetics》1990,84(3):233-236
Summary Marfan syndrome represents a heterogeneous connective tissue disease, the symptoms arising in several tissues and organs. The defective gene(s) behind this autosomal dominant condition has not been found despite considerable research. The main targets of the research have been the genes coding for connective tissue components. Several of the candidate genes suspected to be defective in Marfan syndrome are located on the long arm of chromosome 2. These genes include a cluster of two genes coding for fibrillar collagens COL3A1 and COL5A2, and a third member of the collagen gene family: COL6A3. Furthermore, genes for elastin (ELN) and fibronectin (FN) are also located in this area of chromosome 2. We studied this chromosomal area using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage analysis in five Finnish Marfan families with affected members in three generations. In two point linkage analyses, Lod scores of –3.192 ( = 0.1) to COL3A1, –1.683 ( = 0) to COL6A3 and –2.664 ( = 0.01) to FN were obtained, whereas the linkage analysis between elastin and the disease was non-informative (Lod score 0.444, = 0). With the multipoint linkage analysis that permits simultaneous examination of several loci and more efficient use of family data, we obtained an exclusion of all these loci as the site of the mutation leading to Marfan syndrome in these families. 相似文献
4.
A rapid increase in lipoprotein (a) levels after ethanol withdrawal in alcoholic men. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Plasma concentrations of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were studied in 11 male alcoholics at the end of a drinking period and monitored during subsequent abstinence. Lp(a) levels showed a daily increase for four consecutive days after the beginning of abstinence, the values for the third and the fourth day being significantly higher than those of the first day (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The changes in Lp(a) showed no association with the changes in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. In one alcoholic subject with a heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia who was monitored for 11 days, the Lp(a) levels rose up to the fourth day and remained at a high level thereafter. These results suggest that ethanol ingestion may be associated with a lowering of Lp(a) levels, which may contribute to the delayed progression of atherosclerosis observed in alcohol drinkers. Ethanol intake may be added to the short list of factors that affect the quite stable, genetically determined Lp(a) concentrations in the plasma. 相似文献
5.
Summary A high prevalence of the lysosomal storage disease aspartylglycosaminuria was found in a study of four birth cohorts of 12882 children in eastern Finland. Using school achievement tests and registers of mentally retarded individuals, 178 mentally retarded children were identified. Randomized urine samples from 151 of the 178 retarded children and from 101 healthy children were analyzed quantitatively for aspartylglucosamine by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results identified three affected individuals in the retarded group indicating an exceptionally high prevalence of aspartylglycosaminuria (1:3643) in the study population, consistent with a carrier frequency of 1:30. The 95% confidence limits for the prevalence are 1:4 352-1:16389. This is the highest prevalence described for any glycoproteinosis in any population and comparable to the incidence figures of the most common lysosomal storage diseases, Gaucher disease type I and Tay-Sachs disease among Ashkenazi Jews. In the study group, aspartylglycosaminuria was, after trisomy 21 (n = 19) and the fragile X syndrome (n = 6), the most common genetic cause for mental retardation. 相似文献
6.
The effects of a single does of LiCl (2.5 or 10 mEq/kg) on brain inositol and inositol-1-phosphate (Ins1P), intermediates of brain phosphoinositude (PI) turnover, were determinated in male Han: Wistar rats. There was a remarkable, 36–58 fold elevation of brain Li+ as the single does of LiCl was increased 4-fold. Moreover, the accumulation of brain lithium was slow during repeated administration of LiCl. Brain lithium did not correlate with changes in brain PI turnover either after a single or repeated doses. Thus, after a single does of LiCl the increases in brain Ins1P were much less than the decreases in brain inositol. Also, brain inositol was significantly decreased only with the high dose of LiCl whereas brain Ins1P accumulation was more prominent with the lower dose. Moreover, repeated daily doses of LiCl only transiently increased brain Ins1P at 1 and 7 d whereas inositol remained at control levels throughout the 14 d observation period. Lithium probably caused the transient decrease in brain inositol by inhibiting several enzymes, in addition to the inhibition of myo-inositol mono-phosphates, in the PI cycle. Moreover, a slow dampening down of PI turnover by lithium, possible via an inhibitory action on G-protein-coupling, may also explain the present findings. 相似文献
7.
As part of the Russian-Finnish research studies on Lake Ladoga, joint expeditions were organized in 1992 and 1993. Water samples were collected for intercalibration of chemical analysis methods and to monitor the chemical quality of the lake water.In August of 1992 water samples were taken from northern Lake Ladoga for intercalibration of Russian and Finnish analysis methods. In August 1993 water samples were collected from 23 sampling stations in all parts of the lake; some of these were also used for intercalibration purposes.The oxygen, colour and CODMn results were at the same level in the intercalibration. In 1993, the Ptot results obtained were acceptable. In Ntot, Fe and Mn analysis there seemed to be systematic and random errors between some results.The Secchi depth ranged from 1.5 m to 3.3 m. The average concentrations for the total phosphorus ranged from 15 µg 1–1 to 29 µg 1–1. The total nitrogen values were from 620 µg 1–1 to 690 µg 1–1. The N:P ratio varied from 24 to 40. The concentration of phosphorus indicated mesotrophic or even eutrophic conditions in the lake. Phosphorus seemed to be the limiting nutrient to bacteria and algae. 相似文献
8.
Kristian Aspegren Leena Mannonen Anneli Ritala Riitta Puupponen-Pimiä Ulrika Kurtén Marjatta Salmenkallio-Marttila Veli Kauppinen Teemu H. Teeri 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1995,1(1):91-99
Transgenic plant cell cultures have a potential for production and secretion of important proteins and peptides. To assess the possibilities of using a stable barley suspension culture for secretion of heterologous proteins in active form, we expressed the cDNA of the thermostable-glucanase (EGI) ofTrichoderma reesei in barley suspension cells. The cDNA coding for EGI and its signal sequence was placed under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and the construction was transferred to the cells by particle bombardment. Stably transformed lines were obtained by selecting for a cotransformed antibiotic resistance marker. The expression of EGI cDNA led to accumulation of EGI in the culture medium, as shown by analysis with EGI-specific antibodies. Enzymatic assays confirmed that the EGI secreted by the suspension cells retained its activity and thermostable character. Furthermore, it was shown that the enzyme produced by the transgenic suspension culture could be used for degradation of soluble-glucans during mashing. 相似文献
9.
Anneli Ritala Kristian Aspegren Ulrika Kurtén Marjatta Salmenkallio-Marttila Leena Mannonen Riitta Hannus Veli Kauppinen Teemu H. Teeri Tor-Magnus Enari 《Plant molecular biology》1994,24(2):317-325
Transgenic, fertile barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from the Finnish elite cultivar Kymppi was obtained by particle bombardment of immature embryos. Immature embryos were bombarded to the embryonic axis side and grown to plants without selection. Neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) activity was screened in small plantlets. One out of a total of 227 plants expressed the transferred nptII gene. This plant has until now produced 98 fertile spikes (T0), and four of the 90 T0 spikes analyzed to date contained the nptII gene. These shoots were further analyzed and they expressed the transferred gene. From green grains, embryos were isolated and grown to plantlets (T1). The four transgenic shoots of Toivo (the T0 plant) produced 25 plantlets as T1 progeny. Altogether fifteen of these T1 plants carried the transferred nptII gene as detected with the PCR technique, fourteen of which expressed the nptII gene. The integration and inheritance of the transferred nptII gene was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Although present as several copies, the transferred gene was inherited as a single Mendelian locus into the T2 progeny. 相似文献
10.
Sedimentary diatom assemblages in two large oligotrophic clear-water lakes were analysed, to assess their present ecological state and possible eutrophication due to diffuse nutrient loading. The lakes Pyhäjärvi and Puruvesi (Finnish lake district) are proportionally large for their catchment areas which accounts for their long retention times (ca 7 and 11 yr) and oligohumic character. Pyhäjärvi was studied by pairwise comparison of surface sediment diatom assemblages collected in 1985 and 1990 at 12 sites from different parts of the lake. In Puruvesi, the stratigraphy of diatoms was analysed in two short cores from 8 m and 32 m depths.The diatom assemblages of the two lakes are rather similar, and quite distinct from the assemblages of the mesohumic large lakes of the area. Cyclotella kuetzingiana is the most common planktonic dia- tom, but Aulacoseira ambigua abounds in Pyhäjärvi at sites with local sources of eutrophication. A diverse assemblage of benthic forms, especially Fragilaria and Achnanthes spp. characterizes the shallow bottoms in both lakes.There was little change within the short-core diatom profiles of Puruvesi, but the floral composition of the 8-m and 32-m sites differed markedly. The 8-m site, with 60–70% of benthic forms, represents illuminated bottom, on which much of the buried algae have lived in situ, while the deeper site is true profundal, dominated by sedimented planktonic algae.In Pyhäjärvi there was a slight increase in the benthic diatoms from 1985 to 1990, coinciding with increased phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations as well as Secchi depth lowering. We interprete this observation as a very early step of eutrophication, of which first the sessile algal communities of the illuminated bottom areas have benefited. 相似文献